List of tallest buildings in Europe

Further information: List of tallest structures in Europe and List of tallest buildings in the European Union

This list of tallest buildings in Europe ranks skyscrapers in Europe by height. While skyscrapers remain sparser in Europe than in Asia or North and South America, a significant number of cities still distinguish themselves by the number of highrise buildings they host. Initially, only a few major financial centres, such as Paris, London, Frankfurt, Warsaw, Istanbul and Moscow contained skyscrapers (and construction remains active there). In recent years, however, skyscraper construction has spread to many other cities, including Amsterdam, Barcelona, Benidorm, Brussels, Katowice, Kiev, Madrid, Milan, Rotterdam and some other.

Since 2009, the tallest skyscraper in Europe has been Moscow's 302 metre tall City of Capitals Moscow Tower. There are several other taller buildings under construction in the same city. The Mercury City Tower (380m) is set to become the tallest building in Europe by 2011, while the Shard London Bridge in London will be the tallest building in the EU at completion in 2012.[1]

Contents

Tallest European skyscrapers

This lists ranks skyscrapers in Europe that stand at least 140 metres (459 ft) tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. Existing structures are included for ranking purposes based on present height. This list includes under construction buildings that have already been topped out.

Name City   Height A
metres		 Height A
feet		 Floors Year built
City of Capitals: Moscow[2][3] Moscow 301.6 989 76 2010
Naberezhnaya Tower C Moscow 268.4 881 59 2007
Triumph-Palace[4] Moscow 264.3 867 57 2005
Sapphire of Istanbul Istanbul 261 856 54 2010
Commerzbank Tower Frankfurt 258.7 849 56 1997
City of Capitals: Saint Petersburg[2][5] Moscow 256.9 843 65 2010
Messeturm Frankfurt 256.6 842 55 1990
Torre Caja Madrid Madrid 250 820 45 2008
Torre de Cristal Madrid 249 817 45 2008
Federation West Tower Moscow 242.4 795 62 2007
Moscow State University Moscow 240 787 36 1953
Imperia Tower Moscow 238.6 783 60 2011
Torre Sacyr Vallehermoso Madrid 236 774 52 2008
1 Canada Square London 235.1 771 50 1991
Garibaldi Tower Milan 231 758 32 2011
Tour First Paris 231 758 56 2010
Palace of Culture and Science Warsaw 230.7 757 43 1955
Heron Tower London 230.0 755 46 2010
Torre Espacio Madrid 224 735 57 2008
House on Mosfilmovskaya 1[6] Moscow 213.3 700 54 2011[7]
Anthill Residence 1 Istanbul 210 689 54 2011
Anthill Residence 2 Istanbul 210 689 54 2011
Tour Montparnasse Paris 210 689 59 1972
Westendstraße 1 Frankfurt 208 682 53 1993
Millennium Tower Vienna 202 663 51 1999
Tower 185 Frankfurt 200 656 50 2011
Maintower Frankfurt 200 656 55 1999
25 Canada Square London 199.5 655 45 2001
8 Canada Square London 199.5 655 45 2002
Hotel Ukraine Moscow 198 650 34 1955
Antey 3[8] Yekaterinburg 192 630 50 2011
HSB Turning Torso Malmö 190 623 57 2005
Sparrow Hills Tower II Moscow 188.2 617 49 2004
Gran Hotel Bali Benidorm 187 614 52 2002
Tour Total ParisB 187 614 48 1985
Trianon Frankfurt 186 610 45 1993
Tour T1 ParisB 185 607 36 2008
Tour Areva ParisB 184 604 44 1974
Warsaw Trade Tower Warsaw 184 604 43 1999
Tower 42 London 183 600 43 1980
Tour Granite ParisB 183 600 36 2008
Isbank Tower 1 Istanbul 181 594 52 2000
Varyap Meridian Grand Tower 2 Istanbul 180 591 45 2011
30 St Mary Axe London 179.8 590 41 2003
Tour Gan ParisB 179 587 44 1974
Edelweiss[9] Moscow 176 577 43 2003
Kotelnicheskaya Embankment Moscow 176 577 32 1952
Aliye Parusa 2[10] Moscow 175.6 576 48 2003
Avaz Twist Tower Sarajevo 172 564 42 2009
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Moscow 172 564 27 1953
Nordstar Tower Moscow 171.5 563 40 2009
Sisli Plaza Istanbul 170 558 46 2007
Opernturm Frankfurt 170 558 42 2009
Beetham Tower Manchester 169 554 50 2006
Tekstilkent Plaza 1 Istanbul 168 551 44 2000
Tekstilkent Plaza 2 Istanbul 168 551 44 2000
Tour Alicante ParisC 167 548 37 1995
Tour Chassagne ParisC 167 548 37 1995
Swissôtel Krasnye Holmy Moscow[11] Moscow 166.5 546 34 2005
Silver Tower Frankfurt 166 545 32 1978
Maastoren Rotterdam 165 541 35 2009
Tour du Crédit Lyonnais Lyon 165 541 42 1977
Tour EDF ParisD 165 541 41 2001
Selenium Twins 1 Istanbul 165 541 34 2008
Selenium Twins 2 Istanbul 165 541 34 2008
Iberdrola Tower Bilbao 165 541 40 2011
Broadgate Tower London 164.3 539 35 2009
Gulliver Kiev 164 538 35 2009
InterContinental Warsaw Warsaw 163.5 536 45 2003
Kule Site Konya 163 551 44 2004
Post Tower[12] Bonn 163 535 42 2002
Well House na Leninskom[13] Moscow 162 531 46 2009[14]
Palazzo Lombardia[15] Milan 161.3 529 39 2010
Cœur Défense ParisB 161 528 40 2001
Kudrinskaya Square[16] Moscow 160 525 22 1954
Sky Tower 1[17] Istanbul 160 525 42 2010
Rixos Bomonti Residence[18] Istanbul 159 522 43 2010
Tour Assur (AXA) ParisB 159 522 39 1974
Plaza Büro Center Frankfurt 159 522 47 1976
Rondo 1-B[19] Warsaw 159.1 522 40 2006
Akbank Tower Istanbul 158 518 39 1993
Torre Lugano[20] Benidorm 158 518 43 2008
New Orleans[21] Rotterdam 158 518 45 2010
Torre Picasso Madrid 157 515 43 1988
Parus Business Centre Kiev 156 512 34 2007
One Churchill Place London 156 512 32 2004
Torre Eurosky Rome 155 509 35 2012
Tour Adria ParisB 155 509 40 2002
Tour Egée ParisB 155 509 40 1999
Deutsche Bank Tower I Frankfurt 155 509 40 1984
Deutsche Bank Tower II Frankfurt 155 509 38 1984
Park Arkon Residence 1 Istanbul 155 509 39 2010
Trump Towers Istanbul[22] Istanbul 155 508 39 2010
Hotel Arts Barcelona Barcelona 154 505 44 1992
Torre Mapfre Barcelona 154 505 40 1992
Skyper Frankfurt 154 505 38 2004
Uprise Elite[22] Istanbul 154 505 42 2010
Süzer Plaza Ritz-Carlton[22] Istanbul 154 504 34 1998
25 Bank Street London 153 502 33 2003
40 Bank Street London 153 502 33 2003
Polat Tower Residence[18] Istanbul 153 500 40 2001
Tour Ariane ParisD 152 499 36 1975
Gebouw Delftse Poort 1[23] Rotterdam 151 497 41 1992
PRISMA[24][25] Yekaterinburg 151 495 37 2009
Gazprom[26] Moscow 151 495 35 1994
10 Upper Bank Street London 151 495 32 2003
Hochhaus Neue Donau[27] Vienna 150 492 34 2001
Tour du Midi Brussels 150 492 38 1967
Rembrandt Tower[28] Amsterdam 150 492 36 1995
Millennium Tower Rotterdam 149 489 35 2000
Europa Tower Vilnius 149 489 33 2004
KölnTurm[29] Cologne 148 486 43 2001
Eurotower Frankfurt 148 486 39 1977
Strata SE1 London 148 486 43 2010
Pan Peninsula London 147.4 484 48 2008
Sun Plaza[30] Istanbul 147 482 38 2005
Colonia-Hochhaus Cologne 147 482 42 1972
Tour CMA-CGM[31] Marseille 147 482 33 2009
House in Sokolniki[32] Moscow 146.9 482 43 2008
Hochaus Uptown München[33] Munich 146 479 38 2004
Finance Tower[34] Brussels 145 476 36 1984
Dexia Tower[35] Brussels 145 476 38 2006
Jen-Tower Jena 145 476 30 1973
Neguri Gane[36] Benidorm 145 476 40 2002
Trump Towers Istanbul[37] Istanbul 145 475 37 2010
Torre Agbar Barcelona 144.4 474 33 2004
Tour Bretagne Nantes 144 472 32 1976
Warsaw Financial Center[38] Warsaw 144 472 35 1998
Torre Pontina[39] Latina 143 469 37 2010
Metrocity Tower 2 Istanbul 143 469 35 2000
Metrocity Tower 3 Istanbul 143 469 35 2000
TAT Tower 1[37] Istanbul 143 469 34 2000
TAT Tower 2[37] Istanbul 143 469 34 2000
Metrocity Tower 1 Istanbul 143 469 31 2000
Tour Pleyel ParisE 143 469 37 1972
Guy's Tower London 142.6 468 34 1974
Tour CBX ParisB 142 466 36 2005
City-Haus[40] Frankfurt 142 466 42 1974
Frankfurter Büro Center[41] Frankfurt 142 466 40 1980
City-Hochhaus Leipzig[42] Leipzig 142 466 36 1971
Hoftoren The Hague 142 466 30 2003
Westpoint Tower Tilburg 142 466 48 2004
Torre de Madrid Madrid 142 466 37 1957
Sea Towers Gdynia 141.6 464 36 2009
Usce Tower Belgrade 141 463 25 1961
Torre Diamante Milan 140 459 27 2012
Montevideo Rotterdam 140 459 43 2005
Centrum LIM[43] Warsaw 140 459 43 1989
West Tower Liverpool 140 459 40 2007
IZD Tower[44] Vienna 140 459 37 2001
Izmailovsky block 1[45] Moscow 140 459 37 2008
Izmailovsky block 2[45] Moscow 140 459 37 2008
Sabanci Center 2 Istanbul 140 459 34 1993
Prestige Hotel Istanbul 140 459 38 2007
Uphill Court 1 Istanbul 140 459 33 2008
Uphill Court 1 Istanbul 140 459 33 2008
Sisli Elit Residence[46] Istanbul 140 459 35 2000
Edificio Kronos[47] Benidorm 140 459 41 2008
Continental Moscow - - 48 2011
Sparrow Hills Tower I Moscow - - 44 2004
Sparrow Hills Tower III Moscow - - 44 2004
Avenue 77 block 1[48][49] Moscow - - 43 2008
Avenue 77 block 2[48][49] Moscow - - 43 2008
Avenue 77 block 3[48][49] Moscow - - 43 2008
many lower buildings

Timeline of tallest buildings

Name City Years as Tallest Metres Feet Floors
City of Capitals: Moscow Moscow 2009–present 302 H 989 77
Naberezhnaya Tower C Moscow 2007–2009 268 881 59
Triumph-Palace Moscow 2005–2007 264 867 57
Commerzbank Tower Frankfurt 1997–2005 259 849 56
Messeturm Frankfurt 1990–1997 257 843 55
Moscow State University Moscow 1953–1990 240 787 36
Kotelnicheskaya Embankment Moscow 1952–1953 176 577 32
Boerentoren Antwerp 1932–1952 96 315 26
Telefonica Building Madrid 1929–1932 89 300 15

Projects under construction

This lists buildings that are under construction in Europe and are planned to rise at least 140 metres (459 ft).

Name City Metres Feet Floors Finalised
Federation Tower Moscow 506 1660 93 2016
Mercury City Tower Moscow 380 1247 70 2011
16 IBC Moscow 336 1056 87 2015
Shard London Bridge London 310 1017 87 2012
Bishopsgate Tower London 288 945 63 2013
Emaar Boulevardi Istanbul 280 919 65 2013
Diamond of Istanbul Istanbul 270 886 53 2015
Belle van Zuylen Utrecht 262 860 61 2015
Zvenigorodsky Moscow 253 830 62 2012 -->
Sinpas Bomonti Istanbul 250 820 62 2012
City Palace Moscow 246 808 46 2013
Varyap Meridian Grand Tower 1 Istanbul 244 801 61 2011
DC Towers 1 Vienna 230 755 60 -
122 Leadenhall Street London 225 738 48 2014
Skymark Tower Istanbul 222 728 52 2012
Tour Air2 Paris 220 721 43 2013
Warsaw Spire Warsaw 220 721 50 2014
CityLife - Il Dritto[50] Milan 220 720 51 2014
Iset Tower Yekaterinburg 215 705 47 2014
Sky Tower[51] Wrocław 212 696 50 2011
Piedmont Region Headquarters Turin 209 685 42 2014
Çiftçiler Zincirlikuyu 1 Istanbul 204 669 46 2014
Çiftçiler Zincirlikuyu 2 Istanbul 204 669 46 2014
Sky Towers Kiev 210 689 47 2012
Spine Tower Istanbul 201 660 47 2013
Residencial In Tempo[52] Benidorm 200 656 52 2010
Özdilek Plaza 1 Istanbul 195 640 38 2012
Majunga Tower Paris 195 640 45 2012
Tricolor Moscow 194 636 58 2011
Mirax-Plaza Moscow 193 633 47 2010
Złota 44 Warsaw 192 630 54 2012
Mirax-Plaza Kiev 192 630 46 2010
Continental[53] Moscow 191 627 50 2010[7]
CityLife - Lo Storto[54] Milan 190 623 44 2014
European Central Bank Headquarters Frankfurt 185 607 45 2014
Ronesans Tower Istanbul 185 607 38 2013
Flame Towers[55] Baku 182 597 33-30-28 2012
St George's Wharf Tower London 181 594 49 2014
My Towerland Istanbul 181 594 52 2013
IFC Bomonty Hotel Istanbul 178.5 586 48 2014
Torre Casajol Seville 178 584 40 2012
Roche Building 1[56] Basel 175 574 41 2015
Balaklava BayFront Plaza Sevastopol 173 568 45 2011
Ak-Asya Shopping Center and Tower1 Istanbul 172.6 566 40 2013
Ak-Asya Shopping Center and Tower2 Istanbul 172.6 566 40 2013
Taunusturm[57] Frankfurt 170 558 40 2013
CityLife - Il Curvo[58] Milan 170 558 36 2015
Zorlu Levent Tower Istanbul 170 558 42 2013
Özdilek Plaza 2 Istanbul 170 558 37 2013
CLA Invest Wrocław 170 558 44 2012
Tour Odeon Monaco 170 558 49 2012
DC Towers 2 Vienna 168 551 46 -
MCTT Moscow 167 548 42 2015
Grattacielo Intesa SanPaolo Turin 167 548 44 2012
Tour Carpe Diem Paris 166 545 32 2012
Sky Towers Kiev 165 541 46 2010
ENK complex[59] Pristina 165 541 42 2014
Varyap Meridian Grand Tower 3 Istanbul 164 538 41 2011
20 Fenchurch Street London 160 525 39 2014
Hines Tower Warsaw 160 525 42 2012
Soyak Tower Istanbul 160 525 35 2012
EXEN Plaza Istanbul 160 525 44 2011
Tour D2 Paris 160 525 37 2013
Perspolis Minsk 160 525 39 2014
New Orleans[21] Rotterdam 158 518 45 2010
Four Wins 1 Istanbul 156 512 49 2012
Four Wins 2 Istanbul 156 512 49 2012
Four Wins 3 Istanbul 156 512 49 2012
Four Wins 4 Istanbul 156 512 49 2012
Torre Eurosky[60] Rome 155 509 38 2013
Bastion Moscow 153 502 40 2009
Torre Solaria[61] Milan 150 492 38 2013
Istanbloom Istanbul 150 492 46 2012
Camlica Twin Towers 1 Istanbul 150 492 40 2012
Camlica Twin Towers 2 Istanbul 150 492 40 2012
Varesine Tower A[62] Milan 150 492 35 2013
Dumankaya Ikon 1 Istanbul 149 489 41 2012
Dumankaya Ikon 2 Istanbul 149 489 41 2012
Dumankaya Ikon 3 Istanbul 149 489 40 2012
Wijnhavenkwartier 1 The Hague 146 479 37 2012
Wijnhavenkwartier 2 The Hague 146 479 37 2012
AVA Tower Paris 142 466 34 2012
New Babylon The Hague 142 466 37 2012
Light House Århus 142 466 43 2010
House Parus Minsk 140 459 32 2011
Royal Plaza Minsk 140 459 33 2011
Lider Tower St Petersburg 140 459 40 2011
Lazurnye nebesa Kazan 140 459 40 2011
Royal Center 1 Istanbul 140 459 30 2012
Nida Tower Istanbul 140 459 35 2013
Varesine Tower B[62] Milan 140 459 35 2013
Torre Parco degli Erzelli[63] Genoa 140 459 40 2014
Grozny-City Grozny 140 459 40 2011

Tallest proposed European skyscrapers

This lists the tallest proposed or approved skyscrapers in Europe planned to rise over 140 metres (459 ft).

Name
 City
 Metres
 Feet
 Floors
Lakhta Center Saint-Petersburg 470 1542 80
Crystal island Moscow 450 1476 101
Millenium Tower Frankfurt 369 1211 97
Scandinavian Tower Malmö 325 1075 90
Hermitage Plaza Paris 323 1060 93
Tour Generali Paris 308 1011 56
Tour Phare Paris 300 984 68
Ipek Yolu Istanbul 300 984 60
Municipality Center Istanbul 298 978 60
Il Milanone[64] Milan 212 695 ~50
DPC Tower Istanbul 200 656 46
Shanghai Tower Liverpool 200 656 60
Sisli Tower Istanbul 195 640 60
Malmö Tower Malmö 180 591 50
Regnum Tower Istanbul 180 591 38
King Edward Tower Liverpool 165 541 54
Torre Porta Susa FS Turin 162 531 ~40
New Milan City House Milan 150 492  ?
Torre Pantanedo Milan 150 492  ?
Milanofiori Sud Twin Towers Milan 150 492  ?
Luxist Residence Istanbul 150 492 42
Torre La Sagrera Barcelona 148 490 34
Torre Notarbartolo[65] Palermo 144 492 35
Perpa Trade Center 1 Istanbul 143 469 42
Perpa Trade Center 2 Istanbul 143 469 42
Perpa Trade Center 3 Istanbul 143 469 42
Perpa Trade Center 4 Istanbul 143 469 42
Light Tower - Venice Venice 140 459  ?

Industrial buildings

There are several industrial buildings in Europe with heights taller than 140 metres. Chimneys are only included when they are situated on the roof of the building. For chimneys which are separate structures, see List of chimneys

Name City Metres Feet Finalised
TET Trbovlje Trbovlje 360 1181 1976
TE Rijeka Bakar 250 820 1978 Height including chimney on roof
Stadtwerketurm Duisburg 200 656 1974 Height including chimney on roof, roof height: 65 metres
Irsching Power Plant Vohburg an der Donau 200 656 1974 Height including chimney on roof
RWE-Power Plant Grevenbroich-Neurath Neurath 173 568 2010
Boilerhouse of Unit K of Niederaussem Power Plant Bergheim 172 564 2002
Schwarze Pumpe Power Plant Spremberg 161 528 1998
Marbach III Power Plant Marbach 160 525 1974 Height including chimney on roof

Tallest European skyscrapers by pinnacle height

Some skyscraper enthusiasts prefer this measurement, claiming that the extensions that can or cannot be deemed "architectural" are subjective. However, many non-architectural extensions (such as radio antennas) are easily added and removed from tall buildings without significantly changing the style and design of the building, which is seen as a significant part of the value of these buildings. The list includes all skyscrapers at least 200 metres (656 ft) tall, but it is subject to change because of simplicity of mast changes.

Name
 City
 Metres
 Feet
 		 Floors
 Completed
City of Capitals:[2] Moscow 302 989 76 2009[14]
Commerzbank Tower Frankfurt 300 985 56 1997
Naberezhnaya Tower C Moscow 268 881 59 2007
Triumph-Palace Moscow 264 868 57 2005
Sapphire of Istanbul Istanbul 261 856 54 2010
City of Capitals: Saint Petersburg[2] Moscow 257 843 65 2009[14]
Messeturm Frankfurt 257 843 55 1990
Torre Caja Madrid Madrid 250 820 45 2008
Torre de Cristal Madrid 249 817 45 2007
Federation West Tower Moscow 242 795 62 2007
Maintower Frankfurt 240 787 55 1999
Moscow State University Moscow 240 787 36 1953
Imperia Tower Moscow 239 784 60 2010
Torre Sacyr Vallehermoso Madrid 236 774 52 2007
Torre Espacio Madrid 236 774 57 2007
One Canada Square London 235 771 50 1991
Tour First Paris 231 758 56 2010
Palace of Culture and Science Warsaw 230.7 757 43 1955
Heron Tower London 230 755 47 2010
House on Mosfilmovskaya 1[6] Moscow 213.3 700 54 2009
Anthill Residence 1 Istanbul 210 689 54 2011
Anthill Residence 2 Istanbul 210 689 54 2011
Gran Hotel Bali Benidorm 210 689 52 2002
Tour Montparnasse Paris 210 689 59 1972
Westendstraße 1 Frankfurt 208 682 53 1993
Warsaw Trade Tower Warsaw 208 682 43 1999
Millennium Tower Vienna 202 663 51 1999
25 Canada Square London 200 656 45 2001
8 Canada Square London 200 656 45 2002
many lower buildings

Notes

References

  1. ^ [1], The Guardian, 23 November 2010
  2. ^ a b c d City of Capitals at SkyscraperCity.com
  3. ^ CTBUH City of Capitals profile
  4. ^ Triumph-Palace official site
  5. ^ CTBUH City of Capitals profile
  6. ^ a b Official site
  7. ^ a b Topped out in 2009, but still under construction
  8. ^ CTBUH: Antey-III
  9. ^ Edelweiss at emporis.com
  10. ^ Aliye Parusa 2 at emporis.com
  11. ^ Swissotel Krasnye Holmy at SkyscraperPage
  12. ^ Post Tower, Bonn at emporis.com
  13. ^ Wellhouse at Leninsky Official site
  14. ^ a b c topped out in 2008
  15. ^ Palazzo Lombardia at CTBUH
  16. ^ Kudrinskaya Square at emporis.com
  17. ^ Official site
  18. ^ a b Polat Tower Residence, Istanbul on emporis.com
  19. ^ Rondo 1-B, Warsaw at emporis.com
  20. ^ Torre Lugano at emporis.com
  21. ^ a b New Orleans, Rotterdam
  22. ^ a b c Süzer Plaza Ritz-Carlton, Istanbul on emporis.com
  23. ^ Gebouw Delftse Poort 1 at emporis.com
  24. ^ PRISMA, Gefest metal factory
  25. ^ Prisma, Yekaterinburg at emporis.com
  26. ^ Gazprom building at emporis.com
  27. ^ Hochhaus Neue Donau at emporis.com
  28. ^ Rembrandt Towerat emporis.com
  29. ^ Köln Turm at emporis.com
  30. ^ Sun Plaza, Istanbul on emporis.com
  31. ^ Tour CMA-CGM, Marseille
  32. ^ Official site
  33. ^ Hochhaus Uptown München at emporis.com
  34. ^ Tour Finances / Financietoren at emporis.com
  35. ^ Dexia Tower at emporis.com
  36. ^ Neguri Gane at emporis.com
  37. ^ a b c TAT Towers, Istanbul on emporis.com
  38. ^ Warsaw Financial Center, Warsaw at emporis.com
  39. ^ http://www.urbanfile.it/index.asp?ID=3&SID=166
  40. ^ City-Haus, Frankfurt at emporis.com
  41. ^ Frankfurter Büro Center, Frakfurt at emporis.com
  42. ^ Panorama Tower at emporis.com
  43. ^ Centrum LIM, Warsaw at emporis.com
  44. ^ IZD Tower SkyscraperPage entry
  45. ^ a b Official site
  46. ^ Sisli Elit Residence, Istanbul
  47. ^ Edificio Kronos at emporis.com
  48. ^ a b c Avenue 77, Moscow at emporis.com
  49. ^ a b c Moscow - SkyscraperPage.com
  50. ^ [2]
  51. ^ Sky Tower 1, Wrocław
  52. ^ Residencial In Tempo, Benidorm
  53. ^ Continental on SkyscraperCity.com
  54. ^ http://www.city-life.it/pagine/home.aspx
  55. ^ DIA Holding web page
  56. ^ http://www.roche.com/med-cor-2009-12-17
  57. ^ http://tishmanspeyer.com/properties/Property.aspx?id=269
  58. ^ http://www.urbanfile.it/index.asp?ID=3&SID=1143
  59. ^ http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=611318
  60. ^ http://www.urbanfile.it/index.asp?ID=3&SID=63
  61. ^ http://www.urbanfile.it/index.asp?ID=3&SID=1145
  62. ^ a b http://www.urbanfile.it/index.asp?ID=3&SID=1146
  63. ^ http://www.urbanfile.it/index.asp?ID=3&SID=168
  64. ^ http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=819040
  65. ^ http://www.urbanfile.it/index.asp?ID=3&SID=971

See also

Buildings
By region
Other
Structures
(of any type)
By region
Other
Relevant
architecture